Faraday's Law Of Electromagnetic Induction And Its Applications


Faraday's Law Of Electromagnetic Induction And Its Applications

What Is Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic Induction or Induction is a process in which a conductor is put in a particular position and magnetic field keeps varying or magnetic field is stationary and a conductor is moving. This produces a Voltage or EMF (Electromotive Force) across the electrical conductor. Michael Faraday discovered Law of Induction in 1830. Let us now study the Electromagnetic Induction in detail.

Faraday's Law Of Electromagnetic Induction

First law:
Whenever a conductor is placed in a varying magnetic field, EMF induces and this emf is called an induced emf and if the conductor is a closed circuit than the induced current flows through it.
Second Law:
The magnitude of the induced EMF is equal to the rate of change of flux linkages.
Based on his experiments we now have Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction according to which the amount of voltage induced in a coil is proportional to the number of turns and the changing magnetic field of the coil.

So now, the induced voltage is as follows:

e = N × dΦ/dt

where,
e is the induced voltage
N is the number of turns in the coil
Φ is the magnetic flux
t is the time

Lenz’s law of Electromagnetic Induction


Lenz law of electromagnetic induction states that, when an emf induces according to Faraday’s law, the polarity (direction) of that induced emf is such that it opposes the cause of its production.


According to Lenz’s law

E = -N (dΦ/ dt)

Applications of Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic induction in AC generator


One of the important application of electromagnetic induction is the generation of alternating current.

The AC generator with an output capacity of 100 MV is a more evolved machine. As the coil rotates in a magnetic field B, the effective area of the loop is A cosθ, where θ is the angle between A and B. This is a method of producing a flux change is the principle of operation of a simple ac generator. The axis of rotation coil is perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field. The rotation of the coil causes the magnetic flux through it to change, so an emf keeps inducing in the coil.

Electromagnetic induction in Electrical Transformers


Another important application of electromagnetic induction is an electrical transformer. A transformer is a device that changes ac electric power at one voltage level to another level through the action of a magnetic field. A step-down transformer is the one in which the voltage is higher in the primary than the secondary voltage. Whereas the one in which the secondary voltage has more turns is a step-up transformer. Power companies use a step transformer to boost the voltage to 100 kV, that reduces the current and minimizes the loss of power in transmission lines. On the other end, household circuits use step-down transformers to decrease the voltage to the 120 or 240 V in them.

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